The black-thighed falconet (Microhierax fringillarius) is one of the world's smallest birds of prey, sparrow-sized (14-16 cm), with black upperparts, white throat/upper-breast and distinctive rusty-orange underparts, featuring prominent black "earmuffs" and a black cap contrasting with its white forehead and narrow supercilium (eyebrow). These agile hunters primarily catch large flying insects like dragonflies and moths from perches, often in forest edges and wooded areas across Southeast Asia, also taking small birds or lizards.